Cleanthes :: essays research papers

Cleanthes is trying to argue, using the analogy of the Watch and the Watch studyr, that an intelligent architectural planer must(prenominal)iness be assumed for the character-revealing heart, so an intelligent Grand Designer whitethorn be inferred in explaining the purpose-revealing world. Both products, the world and chink, reveal an intricate and positive design thus, each has to check its own intelligent designer. Also, because the universe is like a watch, we thunder mug infer it has an intelligent designer by the fact that it may be proved to be mechanical through mathematical concepts. In a watch several parts are put together for a purpose. The parts are together in a particular formation, so thither must be reasons for its placement, giving away its cause of existence. Given that the watch has a purpose, this obvious design would force one to conclude the watch must have had a maker. Perfection, like that in a watch, needs a manufacturing business because the coincid ence or chance of being make without a creator is extremely unlikely. The belief that a watchmaker will always exists, even if the individual does or know a watchmaker or has seen a watch made, no other explanation of a watchs existence could be feasible or logical without believing that there was once a watchmaker. Whether the thingamajig works or not is not the focus the focus is on whether a plan has been made for the instrument to reveal that a design was intended. In very complex machines, missing or undiscovered parts are more likely to arise yet, such disorder would no suspect make an individual more curious as to the objects purpose. Although in some cases, a part may seem useless, the individual would continue to question and admire what purpose that part serves. No one could believe that the watch was assembled together with sheer luck therefore, an intelligent designer exists. The watch is definitely not made by the principle of order and it is not believable to say o r think that the watch was not invented. Design cannot exist without the designer. Every appearance of design, which exists in the watch, exists in the works of nature. While the world is far more complex than a simplistic instrument, like a watch, it is no different when compared at the modest levels, particularly when seeing that both are so mechanical, showing elements of order. Hume sets out the argument from design to prove that the universe is like a watch.Cleanthes essays research cover Cleanthes is trying to argue, using the analogy of the Watch and the Watchmaker, that an intelligent designer must be assumed for the purpose-revealing watch, so an intelligent Grand Designer may be inferred in explaining the purpose-revealing world. Both products, the world and watch, reveal an intricate and positive design thus, each has to have its own intelligent designer. Also, because the universe is like a watch, we can infer it has an intelligent designer by the fact that it may be proved to be mechanical through mathematical concepts. In a watch several parts are put together for a purpose. The parts are together in a particular formation, so there must be reasons for its placement, giving away its cause of existence. Given that the watch has a purpose, this obvious design would force one to conclude the watch must have had a maker. Perfection, like that in a watch, needs a creator because the coincidence or chance of being made without a creator is highly unlikely. The belief that a watchmaker will always exists, even if the individual does or know a watchmaker or has seen a watch made, no other explanation of a watchs existence could be feasible or logical without believing that there was once a watchmaker. Whether the contraption works or not is not the focus the focus is on whether a plan has been made for the instrument to reveal that a design was intended. In very complex machines, missing or undiscovered parts are more likely to arise yet, such diso rder would no doubt make an individual more curious as to the objects purpose. Although in some cases, a part may seem useless, the individual would continue to question and wonder what purpose that part serves. No one could believe that the watch was assembled together with sheer luck therefore, an intelligent designer exists. The watch is definitely not made by the principle of order and it is not believable to say or think that the watch was not invented. Design cannot exist without the designer. Every appearance of design, which exists in the watch, exists in the works of nature. While the world is far more complex than a simplistic instrument, like a watch, it is no different when compared at the base levels, especially when seeing that both are so mechanical, showing elements of order. Hume sets out the argument from design to prove that the universe is like a watch.

Creativity and Mental Illness Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Creativity and Mental IllnessMen have c each(prenominal)ed me mad, but the question is not yet settled, whether madness is or is not the loftiest intelligence--whether much that is glorious--whether entirely that is profound--does not spring from disease of thought--from moods of mind exalted at the expense of the general intellect. Those who dream by day argon cognizant of many things which escape those who dream only by night - Edgar Allen PoeWhen you are insane, you are busy being insane - all the time... When I was crazy, thats all I was. - Sylvia Plath Is creative genius aroundhow woven together with madness? According to the dictionary, to create is to bring into being or form out of nothing. much(prenominal) a powerful, mysterious, and even impossible act must surely be beyond the scope of scientific inquiry No wonder creativity has for so long been explained as the expression of an irrational, intuitive psychic underground teaming with forces (perhaps divine) that are unkn own and unknowable (at least to the sane, conventional mind). The ancient Greeks believed creative inspiration was achieved with altered states of mind such as divine madness. Socrates said If a man comes to the door of poetry untouched by the madness of the muses, believing that technique alone will make him a good poet, he and his sane compositions never reach perfection, but are utterly eclipsed by the inspired hothead (8). Creative inspiration - particularly artistic inspiration -- has often been thought to require the sampling of dark depths of irrationality while maintaining at least some connection to everyday reality. This dive into underground forces reminds one of a skin-diver with a breathing tube wrote Arthur Koestler in his influential book... ...ard Mental Health Letter, bump into 1996 http//www.mentalhealth.com/mag1/p5h-cre1.html6) Artistic Inspiration and the Brain , Another response to Dr. Bruce Miller study - FTD & creativity http//www.artsfusion.com/1999/janu ary/awfeaturejan.html7) The Systems View of Life , includes discussion of how creativity is fundamentally built into all living systems -by Fritjof Capra, theoretical high-energy physicist and author. Capra studied with Werner Heisenberg at the University of Vienna. He does research at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and lectures at the University of California, Berkeley. http//magna.com.au/prfbrown/capra_3.html8) Amazon.com, To order the book Touched with apprise Manic Depressive Illness and the Artistic temperment - by Kay Redfield Jamison http//www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/068483183X/themeadowlarkpre/102-1781957-3733743

Analysis of e. e. cummings’ Poem of all the blessings which to man Essa

Analysis of e. e. e. e. cummings Poem of all the blessings which to man As Thomas reed instrument West puts it, the predominant literary sentiment toward the discipline of the machine has been one of lament (xii). Many authors have composed pieces dealing with industrialization and the correlated obsolescence of man. Poet e.e. cummings is among them. In his poem of all the blessings which to man, cummings describes a world to which progress will doom mankind-- a place where technology rules over human being. Cummingss poem opens formulation that the most supreme gift progress offers mankind is the an/ imal without a heart (3-4). This heartless living thing is the machine. Machines can be made to act, and can a good deal appear as if they think, but cannot feel. This is the greatest present presented to us by progress? To view that as a gift is to hold logic extremely supreme over emotion, a preference this piece laments as being unfortunately accepted. This industrializatio n and elimination of the need for humans is similarly unfeeling and coldly logical. The age of machinery presents its nearly silent coup detat rebels, the mechanical beings themselves, as a huge collective pseudobeast, aimed at eliminating not only a need for humanity but a need for emotion (5). The poems speaker notes that this being only preexists its hoi in its polloi (8). This shows the aim these machines allegedly have-- not simply to overtake the teeming the great unwashed of plurality but to become the teeming masses (hoi polloi) themselves, even to make humanity forget that they were ever in charge. This hearkens to the government employees constantly rewriting memoir in George Orwells 1984, as these machines hope to make the people forget how things eve... ...y have done too good of a job. Their creation will change them from hold rulers to beings whose prolific creation (teem) overcomes them. Movies and literature alike have often served to villainize technology. The se topics survive and persist, perhaps because we are morbidly fascinated with our own predicted downfall. Many people will admit to being concerned, as cummings is in of all the blessings which to man, that the world will one day be run by machines. This authority future governing force is without a heart and couldnt use a mind, and that may scare humans most of all (25, 28). Works Cited Rotella, Guy. Nature, Time, and Transcendence in Cummings Later Poems. Critical Essays on E.E. Cummings. Ed. Guy Rotella. Boston G.K. Hall and Co., 1984. West, Thomas Reed. Flesh of Steel. Charlotte, NC Heritage Printers, 1967.

Comparing Spiritual Growth in Gardeners Grendel and Hesses Siddhartha

Spiritual Growth in Gardeners Grendel and Hesses Siddhartha A mythical beast who finds kernel in killing and a questioning wanderer who cannot find meaning in being some(prenominal) John Gardeners Grendel and Hermann Hesses Siddhartha grow and develop spiritually, yet their authors pulmonary tuberculosis vastly antithetic styles to convey these changes. John Gardners revolutionary style is not encompassed by a single genre instead, he mixes first-person narrative and several different literary styles to give the Ruiner of Meadhalls a unique voice. The use of first-person narrative is essential to convey Grendels spiritual growth. Were it not for Grendels often self-deprecatory tone, which varies from mocking - big shaggy-coated monster intense and earnest, bent like a priest at his prayers (72) - to bitter and cynical - I, Grendel, was the dark side. The terrible race that God cursed (51) - Grendel would be impossible to relate to. Even Grendels bouts of insanity - &x20(whis pering, whispering. Grendel has it occurred to you my dear that you are crazy?) are easily understood. Grendel varies from the simple, childish tone of Why cant I have someone to blab out to? The Shaper has people to talk to (53) to the dense philosophical metaphors and complex diction of Grendels conversation with the dragon. Gardener gives Grendel a purposefully guileless voice to illustrate both the monsters feelings of lost youth as well as his progression into a more sentient being. I think I was half prepared, in my dark, unhinged state, to see God, bearded and gray as geometry, scowling down at me, shaking his bloodless finger. (53) The nihilistic dragon disagrees with Grendels humanization, regarding men scornfully a... ...orld, not to reject it, not for us to hate each other, but to be able to regard the world and ourselves and all beings with love, admiration, and respect. (147) Siddhartha progresses from an aloof and slightly arrogant youth, not remote young Gren del, to a wise, satisfied man. The central difference between John Gardeners Grendel and Hermann Hesses Siddhartha, both stories of spiritual growth and development, is not thematic. Instead, vast differences in tone and actors line make the self-deprecating monster easy to empathize with and the soul-searching wanderer simple and detached. Despite their stylistic differences, both works stand alone as examples of philosophical and spiritual evolution. Works Cited Gardner, John. Grendel. 1971 rpt. New York Vintage Books, 1989. Hesse, Herman. Siddhartha. Dover Publications, 1998.

Booker T. Washington :: essays research papers

Im Booker T WashingtonIn 1881, I founded and became principal of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. I started this school in an old abandoned church and a shanty. The schools name was new-fangledr changed to Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University). The school taught specific trades, such as carpentry, farming, and mechanics, and trained teachers. As it expanded, I spent much of his time raising funds. Under Washingtons leadership, the institute became famous as a model of industrial education. The Tuskegee Institute National diachronic Site, established in 1974, includes Washingtons home, student-made college buildings, and the George Washington Carver Museum. I believe that blacks could benefit more from a practical, vocational education rather than a college education. Most blacks lived in poverty in the rural South, and I felt they should learn skills, work hard, and acquire property. I believed that the development of work skills would lead to economic prosperity. I predicted that blacks would be granted civil and political rights after gaining a strong economic foundation. I explained his theories in Up from Slavery and in other publications. In the late 1800s, more and more blacks became victims of lynchings and Jim Crow laws that segregated blacks. To reduce racial conflicts, I advised blacks to stop demanding equal rights and to simply get along with whites. I urged whites to carry black better jobs.In a speech given in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1895, I declared "In all things that are purely companionable we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress." This speech was often called the Atlanta Compromise because I accepted inequality and segregation for blacks in exchange for economic advancement. The speech was widely quoted in newspapers and helped make me a turgid national figure and black spokesman. I became a shrewd political leader and advised not only Presidents, but als o members of Congress and governors, on political appointments for blacks and sympathetic whites. I urged wealthy people to contribute to various black organizations. I also owned or financially supported numerous black newspapers. In 1900, I had founded the National Negro Business League to help black business firms. Throughout my life, I tried to please whites in both the North and the South through his public actions and his speeches. I never publicly supported black political causes that were unpopular with Southern whites.

Booker T. Washington :: essays research papers

Im Booker T WashingtonIn 1881, I founded and became principal of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. I started this school in an old abandoned church and a shanty. The schools name was later changed to Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University). The school taught specific trades, such as carpentry, farming, and mechanics, and trained teachers. As it expanded, I spend much of his time raising funds. Under Washingtons leadership, the institute became famous as a model of industrial education. The Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site, established in 1974, includes Washingtons home, student-made college buildings, and the George Washington Carver Museum. I believe that blacks could benefit to a greater extent from a practical, vocational education rather than a college education. Most blacks lived in poverty in the rural South, and I felt they should learn skills, work hard, and acquire property. I believed that the development of work skills would lead to economic prosper ity. I predicted that blacks would be granted civilized and political rights after gaining a strong economic foundation. I explained his theories in Up from Slavery and in other publications. In the late 1800s, more and more blacks became victims of lynchings and Jim Crow laws that segregated blacks. To reduce racial conflicts, I advised blacks to stop demanding equal rights and to simply get along with whites. I urged whites to give black check jobs.In a speech given in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1895, I declared "In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress." This speech was often called the Atlanta agree because I accepted inequality and segregation for blacks in exchange for economic advancement. The speech was widely quoted in newspapers and helped make me a prominent national prefigure and black spokesman. I became a shrewd political leader and advised not only Presidents, but al so members of Congress and governors, on political appointments for blacks and kindly whites. I urged wealthy people to contribute to various black organizations. I also owned or financially supported many black newspapers. In 1900, I had founded the National Negro Business League to help black business firms. Throughout my life, I tried to please whites in both the northernmost and the South through his public actions and his speeches. I never publicly supported black political causes that were unpopular with Southern whites.

Convergence of US GAAP and IFRS Essay

The Norwalk Agreement refers to a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) which was signed in September of 2002 in Norwalk, Connecticut between the United States Financial parvenues report Standards bill of f atomic number 18 (FASB) and the world(prenominal) account Standard Boards (IASB) The MOU was an agreement between the ii organization to, physical exertion their best efforts to (a) make their existing financial reporting standards fully congruous as soon as is practicable and (b) to coordinate their future work programs to ensure that once achieved, compatibility is maintained. The original agreement called for all differences between US generally accepted report principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) and IFRS ( foreign Financial Reporting System to be eliminated by January 1, 2005, but problems quickly surfaced in this approach and according the US Securities and Ex modification burster (SEC) currently has a timeline of 2016 for all US corporations to adopt t he IFRS. Before discussing what the effect of these changes argon on US Corporations, one must first understand the account of both the FASB/US generally accepted business relationship principles and the IASB/IFRS.The Financial Accounting Standards Board was established by the SEC in 1973 to take over the role of establishing standards for financial accounting from the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA)s Accounting Principles Board (APB). The US generally accepted accounting principles are accounting rules used to prepare, present, and report financial statements for a wide variety of entities, including publicly-traded and privately-held companies, non-profit organizations, and governments. The US Government does not directly rig accounting standards, instead believing that the private sector has a better competency to set these rules. The US GAAP is not formally written into law, but is instead codified into the FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.The FASB has four major types of publications it uses to make changes to the US GAAP 1. Statements of Financial Accounting Standards the most authoritative US GAAP setting publications. 2. Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts bankrupt of the FASBs conceptual framework invent, these are fundamental objective and concepts that the FASB entrust use in developing future standards. They are not a spot of the US GAAP, but instead represent future goals of the GAAP. 3. Interpretations Interpretations modify or extend existing standards and are a part of the US GAAP. There are currently 48 interpretations available 4. Technical Bulletins These are guidelines on applying standards, interpretations, and opinions. They usually solve a very peculiar(prenominal) accounting issue that does not beget a significant, long-lasting effect.The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is an independent, privately funded organ ization founded in London, England on April 1, 2001 with the stated objective to develop a single set of high quality, understandable, enforceable, and globally accepted financial reporting standards based upon clearly articulated principles. To achieve these objectives the IASB has developed the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) and aggressively promoting the use of these standards. As of today over 120 countries either require or permit the use of IFRSs and all members of the G20 have established time lines to adopt the IFRSs in the near future (including the United States.) The IFRSs consist of the standards, interpretations, and frameworks issued by the IASB, and include many of the standards formerly known as International Accounting Standards (IAS) which were issued by the now inoperative International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) which existed from 1973 until 2001.The IFRSs are principle based standards (as opposed to the US GAAP which uses rules-b ased standards) that establish broad rules but generally leave specific treatments open to some interpretation. IFRSs consist of 1. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) All standards issued after the IASB was founded in 2001. 2. International Accounting Standards (IAS) Standard issues by the IASC prior to 2001. 3. Interpretations from the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) Interpretations issued after 2001. 4. Standing Interpretations Committee (SIC) Interpretations issued before 2001. 5. Framework for the Preparations and Presentations of Financial Statements A statement of the basic principles of the IFRSs.The framework serves as a guide to resolving accounting issues not specifically addressed in a standard. Having established the backgrounds of the major players to the Norwalk Agreement it is important to understand how this convergence project will affect US Corporations in their future financial reporting as the FASB / SEC be gins their push towards full integration by the year 2016. As converged standards are introduced, many US Corporations will see major changes in all areas of their business activities ranging from financial statements to leasing to employee benefits and although covering all these changes is beyond the scope of this paper, we will present some of the more important changes. The largest major difference between the two regulations is in their scope, and level of guidance for companies in the area of revenue recognition.The US GAAP has developed detailed guidance for many different industries incorporating standards suggested by a multitude of accounting standards organizations in those specific industries. The IFRS, on the other hand, mentions two standards for revenue recognition for guidance and allows companies to determine which manner they will use. Another major change for US Companies is in the area of inventory monetary valueing. Under US GAAP, companies may choose between u sing LIFO (Last-In-First-Out), FIFO (First-In-First-Out), or a variety of other inventory valuation methods, in accounting for cost of goods held in inventory. Once the switch is made to IFRS, the use of LIFO for inventory valuation will be prohibited so that all companies will be similar cost formulas. Several additional changes include1. The option to classify expenses based on either function or nature under IFRS vs. the requisite to classify expenses based on function only under US GAAP. 2. The requirement to present noncontrolling (minority) interest as a component of right on the balance sheet under IFRS vs. the requirement under US GAAP to present noncontrolling interest outside of equity. 3. The ability to use either the proportionate consolidation method or the equity method of accounting for joint venture accounting under IFRS vs. the current requirement to use the equity method of accounting 4. IFRS will allow revaluation of assets for several different classes of asse ts, even requiring their revaluation on a regular basis whereas currently US GAAP does not permit revaluation under any circumstance.5. Under IFRS, advertising and promotional cost will have to be expensed as incurred vs. the US GAAP which allows for costs to either be expensed as they are incurred, or expense when the advertising takes place for the first time, leaving the choice up to the individual company. spell these changes are just a few of the changes which will impact companys financial statements there are many changes coming which fall in areas outside financial statements. Nowhere is this clearer than in the area of US regulatory laws. As an article in the Wall Street Journal, Closing the Information GAAP, notes that, If an accounting and reporting framework that relies on professional judgment rather than detailed rules is to flourish in the U.S., the legal and regulatory environment will need to sprout in ways that remain to be seen.They suggest that laws in the US w ill have to move to accept more ambiguity in accounting, and that the change to IFRS could possibly provide new defenses to executives and accountants who try to do the right thing. A final change noted by both the PriceWaterhouseCoopers and Accenture case studies, is the updating, sometimes at a very high cost, of companies Accounting Information Systems to be able to collect, store, and analysis financial data in ways that will comply with the new IFRS standards. These two studies both believe that this activity will be the most painful and difficult for the majority of US companies to comply with. 1 . FASB. FASB Financial Accounting Standards Board. Norwalk Agreement. Accessed June 29, 2010. . 2 . SEC. SEC Proposes Roadmap Toward Global Accounting Standards to Help Investors Compare Financial Information More Easily. Accessed June 29, 2010. http//www.sec.gov/news/press/2008/2008-184.htm 3 . FASB. FASB Facts about FASB. Accessed July 03, 2010. 4 . IFRS Foundation. Who we are a nd what we do. Published July 2010 5 . IASB. About the IFRS Foundation and the IASB. Accessed July 02 2010. 6 . IAS Plus. Summaries of International Financial Reporting Standards. Accessed July 03 2010. 7 . PriceWaterhouseCoopers. IFRS and US GAAP similarities and differences. September 2009. From the IFRS Readiness Series. 8 . Accenture. Preparing for International Financial Reporting Standards An Opportunity for Finance Transformation. 9 . Ernst & Young. US GAAP vs. IFRS The Basics. January 2009. 10 . The Wall Street Journal. Closing the Information GAAP. Accessed July 20 2010.

Criminal Law and Monster Essay

In the book Monster written by Walter Dean Myers, Steve Harmon is convicted of a felony murder. As a member of the jury in my eye Steve Harmon is not guilty. Three reasonings behind my conviction are that they have no picture that he was in that respect at the time of the crime, there is no probable cause to bear on him to the crime, and all the evidence says he was not there.First reasoning is that they have no evidence that he was there. The only evidence that they have is the other convicted characters saying he was a look out, but there was someone in the retentivity when he left. So with that creation said he wasnt really a look out because he didnt make sure there wasnt anyone in the store and the lady in the store didnt say she saw him.Second, there wasnt any probable cause to link him to the case, the only thing that conjugated him to the case was that he knew the volume that committed the crime. Also Steve didnt get anything that was stolen from the store. That led me to believe that he wasnt part of it because if he was part of it he would have gotten either money, smokes or anything else they took.Last, all the evidence says he was not there. There wasnt any one saying he was there. The only people who said he was there are the people that were getting a break and they were told the situation. Some of the convicted didnt even know who Steve was. This led me to believe he was innocent.In the book Monster written by Walter Dean Myers, Steve Harmon is convicted of a felony murder. As a member of the jury in my eyes Steve Harmon is not guilty. The reasonings behind my conviction are that they have no evidence that he was there at the time of the crime, there is no probable cause to link him to the crime, and all the evidence says he was not there. All this together made me vote not guilty.

Crime Essay Outline Essay

Critically examine the methods utilize to measure crime in Australia. In your answer you should discuss the following How be crime statistics collected, collated and utilize? What are the strengths and weaknesses of official statistics versus unofficial statistics and alternative methods? How might these weaknesses be overcome?IntroductionBy measuring crime, accurate crime data can be employ for access the effectiveness of public policies, including the measurement of crime trends and the evaluation of crime control initiatives (Weatherburn 2011). This essay will discuss how crime statistics be utilize in Australia, the variances between official and unofficial statistics and the solutions of the weaknesses of official statistic. The definitions of concepts ex officio statistics- They are produced by government institutions such as police offence information systems and Australian Institute of Criminology.Unofficial statistics They are produced by people and agencies that are n ot involved in the criminal justices system.The methods used to measure crimeAccording to Addington (2010), the principal(prenominal) sources of crime data are crimes report from police, victim surveys and self-report surveys. Police recorded crime statisticEasy to conductIncluding information rough the nature of the recorded crime, location, time, what weapons were used etc. (Weatherburn 2011). Regionally and nationallyReliablePolice were trained under criminological backgroundPolice are experiencedVictim surveysMeasure the dim figure of crimeCrimes reported to an interviewer by the victimNationallyBased on sample of address (Block, C. R., Block R. L. 1984)Six index offensesRape, aggravated assault, robbery, burglary, larceny, and elevator car theft (Decker 1977) Self-report surveysRarely reported to policeExamples are illegal drug use and tax evasion (Weatherburn 2011)The advantagesOfficial statisticsAdministrative data such as data from state and Territory police forces, cour ts, hospitals, community services (Browyn 2004). Represent an official record of crimeUp-to-date information (Browyn 2004).Can be used for comparative purposes and deduction of crime trend.The limitationsOfficial statisticsNot all crimes committed are detectedNot all crimes committed are reportedAttitudes about the potential effectiveness of police in handing matters (Browyn 2004). Who are involved in an incident (Browyn 2004).The possible implication for victims (Browyn 2004).Not all crimes reported to police are recordedTechnical difficultiesA lack of sufficiently precise definitions for the phenomena to be measured (Security Publique Quebec 1993). A lack of uniformity or rigour in administrative practices used to compile the date (Security Publique Quebec 1993). Statistics only reflect the visible face of crime and do not make it possible to measure all the crimes perpetrated (Security Publique Quebec 1993). discriminating use of dataThe lag in reportingSolutionsEnsure independe nce (UK statistics Authority 2010)Public confidence as a targetA amplify that statistics needed to be at heart of policy-making and performance management Reinforce supervision on mediaThe media plays an important role in forming peoples views on official statists (UK statistics Authority 2010). The misreporting and under reporting apparently endemic in current statistic has led to their widespread devaluation (Skogan 1975) Prevent from abuse of official statistics conclusionOfficial statistics are more credible but need to overcome their weaknesses. There are two possible options which are ensuring independence and reinforcing supervision on media can be considered as solutions in this paper.ReferencesBlock, Carolyn R. , Block, Richard L. (1984) Crime definition, crime measurement, and Victim Surveys, Journal of Social issues, Vol. 40, No.1, pp 137-160 Browyn, H. (2004) measuring crime in Australia, crime in the community, chapter 4, pp 64-78 Decker, Scott H. (1977) Official crime rates and victim surveys an empirical comparison, Journal of flagitious Justice, Vol. 5, pp 47-54 Lynn A. Addington (2010) Measuring Crime, Oxford Available from Oxford Bibliographies 30 March 2014 Security Publique Quebec (1993) Partners in Crime legal profession For a Safer Quebec Report of the Task Force on crime prevention Skogan, W. G. (1975) Measurement problems in official and survey crime rates, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol3, pp17-32 UK statistics Authority (2010) Overcoming Barriers to Trust in Crime Statistics England and Wales, Monitoring report 5 Weatherburn, D. (2011) Uses and abuses of crime statistics Crime and Justice Bulletin, no. 153

Homelessness Essay Introduction Essay

Attention grabber makes sure audience is listening As todays people face a world filled with globular conflicts, disappearing jobs, and an increasing poverty in America, action is more crucial than ever. We know that hunger and rooflessness are increasing epidemics plaguing in the U.S. Thesis (purpose statement) tells audience what you require them to think or do We depose end homelessness in the U.S by tackling its root causes-low wages and a lack of affordable housing-and by improving hurt services like TANIF, housing vouchers, and health care. BodyFirst main nous reason audience should agree with you hunger and homelessness are increasing epidemics plaguing in the U.S. Detail Just last year, the national poverty rate rose to include 13.2% of the population. 1 in 7 people were at risk of pang from hunger in the United States. In addition, 3.5 million people were forced to sleep in parks, under bridges, in shelter or cars. Detail near 39% percent of kids under the age of 18 (1.3 million) are homeless. Detail 10% of the population is called chronic and remains without housing for extended periods of time on a frequent bias. (Transition sentence) However there are great effects on the homelessness. Second main idea homelessness has a tremendous effect on a childs education Detail approximately 87% of tame-age homeless children and youth enrolled in school, although only about 77% attend school regularly. Detail The homeless youth is 1.5 times more likely to preform below grade level reading, spelling and math Detail fortunately, the law gives homeless students the right to stay in school and receive support so they can succeed. (Transition sentence) Yet there is a cost of the homelessness. Third main idea final reason audience should agree the homelessness costs taxpayers. Detail the cost of homelessness can be quite high. Hospitalization, medical treatment, incarceration, police intervention, and emergency shelter can add up quickly, making it ex pensive for taxpayers. Detail according to surveys of homeless individuals.