Review of Related Literature and Studies (Autism)

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies for both foreign and local underlying the framework of the study. Synthesis was also created based from the gathered information and facts in literature and studies. FOREIGN LITERATURES According to the study of the orbitofrontal–amygdala circuit and self-regulation of social–emotional behavior in autism that. Autism is centrally characterized by developmental disruption in social–emotional behavior and communication. Numerous studies have documented that, across the spectrum of disability, individuals with autism have poor social and affective relatedness, difficulty developing and maintaining social relationships with†¦show more content†¦There are generally three main characteristics used to determine an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and are usually present by age three. These characteristics are deficits in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors and interests (Autism Society of America, n.d.; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2005; U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2005). Additionally, in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), there is an educ ational definition for autism. Autism is defined as, à ¬s developmental disability 5 that significantly affects verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction. It is generally evident before age 3 and adversely affects a child is educational performance (Ohio Center for Autism and Low Incidence [OCALI], 2007). There are other characteristics frequently associated with autism. These include participation in repetitive activities and behaviors, inability to change especially the change in daily routines, and typical responses to sensory experiences. Furthermore, autism does not apply to the child is diagnosis if educational performance is negatively affected due to the child having an emotional disturbance (Ohio Center for Autism and Low Incidence). Of the 1.5 million Americans living with some form of autism, 100,000 are school-aged children who have been diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are served under the Individuals with DisabilitiesShow MoreRelate dThe Effects Of Autism On Children With Autism857 Words   |  4 PagesOutcome-focused research shows that only 25% of people with Autism are employed. This statistic is especially concerning, when the generally high academic and creative ability of many adults with Autism is considered. This review evaluates three categories of parental factors, demographic, psychological, and behavioral, to determine what effect, if any, they may have on the work participation outcomes for adults diagnosed with Autism. Using studies of various methodologies and populations, only one (parentRead MoreVaccines And Autism : A Tale Of Shifting Hypotheses905 Words   |  4 Pagesreviewing the literature, this was shown in the article, â€Å"Vaccines and Autism: A Tale of Shifting Hypotheses†, by Gerber Offit (2009), where they discuss how vaccines have changed overtime. The authors state that today a single vaccine use uses less than 200 bacterial and viral proteins or polysaccharides compared to over 3000 immunological components used in 1980. In addition, the amount of protein chemistry and recombinant DNA has also increased. This helps cut back on vaccine-related reactions,Read MoreChildren With High Functioning Asd ( Hfasd )1315 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 2: Review of the Literature Children with high-functioning ASD (HFASD) demonstrate difficulty initiating and maintaining conversations, deciphering how others feel from nonverbal cues, interpreting the intentions of others, asking/responding to questions, and interacting in games or other activities (Bray et al., 2010). Children with HFASD may appear insensitive, and self-centered, or socially disinterested (Waugh Peskin, 2015); and typically demonstrate average cognitive abilities, yetRead MoreCorrelation Between Employment And Postsecondary Education936 Words   |  4 Pagesemployment and postsecondary education, as it pertains to youth who have Autism and receive vocational rehabilitation services. The researchers of this article used logistic regressions and multiple regressions to test predictor variables and transition outcomes. Also used was the RSA911 data-base for fiscal year 2008. (Migliore, Timmons, Butterworth, Lugas, 2012) The general findings indicated that those individuals with Autism, who received job placement services through the vocational rehabilitationRead MoreGaze Patterns1112 Words   |  5 PagesThe reason behind this study is to further understand the role gaze patterns play in autism, it was only 3 years ago that I discovered my son is autistic. Ever since that day I have dedicated my life to understanding the role that social cognition may play in determining autism. Visual checking of countenances in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been seriously considered utilizing eye-following innovation (gaze patterns). Nevertheless, the clear majority of studies have depended on theRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )798 Words   |  4 PagesAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a disorder characterised by a triad of impairments in social interaction, communication and repetitive behaviour and restricted interest. This spectrum is observed to affect three times more males than females (Hill, 2004). ASD is a syndrome that Leo Kanner first explained while observing the behaviour of children he was researching. He describes that they had particular traits such as the inability to establish social relatedness with other people, failure to useRead MoreEcologically Inflexibility And Executive Dysfunction758 Words   |  4 Pagesdeficits, relationships between executive impairments and restricted, repetitive, behaviors have also been established. In one study looking at the relationship between restrictive, repetitive symptoms and executive function abilities, researchers found that numerous executive processes, such as cognitive flexibility, working memory, and response inhibition, were highly related to RRB (Lopez et al., 2005). Brady et al. (2017) found fluency impairments were correlated with higher severity levels of repetitiveRead MoreEssay On Sleep Disorders In Children With Autism1278 Words   |  6 PagesChildren with Autism Several studies have been conducted that take a look at treatments for children with autism suffering from sleep disorders. Sleep disorders may even be more common in children with autism spectrum disorders. Theres been countless of different types of treatments, but one treatment in particular is Melatonin. Melatonin helps control your sleep and wake cycles. Studies have shown that melatonin is promised in treating sleep and insomnia in children with autism. This literature reviewRead MoreBenefits Of Music Therapy On Children Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesMusic Therapy in Autistic children Benefits of Music Therapy in Autistic children Literature Review Zuleima Haskins â€Æ' Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of conditions of the brain development. (Vries, 2015). The main characteristic of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is that they have difficulties to adapt and interact with other people. Also, individuals with Autism have problems with their development of verbal and nonverbal communication. They showRead MoreAutism in Toddlers and Infants1668 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Autism in Toddlers and Infants Introduction What is Autism? Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD / autism) are a group of disorders referred to as developmental disabilities and the result for children afflicted with ASD is significant social, communication and behavioral changes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC). In short, children with ASD simply deal with their brains information in ways apart from others around them. The CDC information explains that autism can afflict a child